UNDP Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) & Scenario of india

UNDP

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations’ global development network.Headquartered in New York City, the UNDP is funded entirely by voluntary contributions from member nations. The organization has country offices in 177 countries, where it works with local governments to meet development challenges and develop local capacity. Additionally, the UNDP works internationally to help countries achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). UNDP provides expert advice, training, and grant support to developing countries, with increasing emphasis on assistance to the least developed countries. To accomplish the MDGs and encourage global development, UNDP focuses on poverty reduction, HIV/AIDS, democratic governance, energy and environment, social development, and crisis prevention and recovery. UNDP also encourages the protection of human rights and the empowerment of women in all of its programs.

Millenium development goals

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight international development goals that all 193 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve by the year 2015. The goals are:

Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Target 1A: Halve the proportion of people living on less than $1 a day

Proportion of population below $1 per day (PPP values)
Poverty gap ratio [incidence x depth of poverty]
Share of poorest quintile in national consumption

Target 1B: Achieve Decent Employment for Women, Men, and Young People

GDP Growth per Employed Person
Employment Rate
Proportion of employed population below $1 per day (PPP values)
Proportion of family-based workers in employed population

Target 1C: Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption[

Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education

Target 2A: By 2015, all children can complete a full course of primary schooling,

girls and boys enrollment in primary education
Completion of primary education
everyone will get into school

Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women

Target 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015

Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education
Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament
For girls in some regions, education remains elusive
Poverty is a major barrier to education, especially among older girls
In every developing region except the CIS, men outnumber women in paid employment
Women are largely relegated to more vulnerable forms of employment
Women are over-represented in informal employment, with its lack of benefits and security
Top-level jobs still go to men — to an overwhelming degree
Women are slowly rising to political power, but mainly when boosted by quotas and other special measures

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality rates

Target 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

Under-five mortality rate
Infant (under 1) mortality rate
Proportion of 1-year-old children immunized against measles

Goal 5: Improve maternal health

Target 5A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

Maternal mortality ratio
Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
Target 5B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health
Contraceptive prevalence rate
Adolescent birth rate
Antenatal care coverage
Unmet need for family planning

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases

Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

HIV prevalence among population aged 15–24 years
Condom use at last high-risk sex
Proportion of population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS

Target 6B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it

Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs

Target 6C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Prevalence and death rates associated with malaria
Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets
Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs
Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis

Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short Course)

Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

Target 7A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs; reverse loss of environmental resources

Target 7B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss proportion of land area covered by forest

CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP)
Consumption of ozone-depleting substances
Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits
Proportion of total water resources used
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected
Proportion of species threatened with extinction

Target 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source, urban and rural
Proportion of urban population with access to improved sanitation

Target 7D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum-dwellers

Proportion of urban population living in slums

Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development

Target 8A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system

Includes a commitment to good governance, development, and poverty reduction – both nationally and internationally

Target 8B: Address the Special Needs of the Least Developed Countries (LDC)

Includes: tariff and quota free access for LDC exports; enhanced programme of debt relief for HIPC and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous ODA (Official Development Assistance) for countries committed to poverty reduction

Target 8C: Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States

Through the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly
Target 8D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term.

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS- INDIA COUNTRY REPORT 2011

The States of India Report highlighted several important dimensions of India’s journey to attain the MDGs by 2015.

 It highlighted that though India is nearly on track in reducing poverty at the national level to half of the proportion of people under national poverty line, as existed in 1990, by 2015, as many as 14 of the 35 States/UTs will fall short of their individual MDG-targets.

It also highlighted that the situation in respect of food insecurity and malnourishments of children would be even worse as, by the year 2015 only 4 out of 29 major States of the country are likely to be able to attain their MDG-targets for making the proportion of under-weight children below three years half of what it was in 1990.

India is on-track or even ahead of targets on nearly all indicators related to universalisation of primary education, the report revealed.

The report also observed that for promoting gender equality and empowerment of women, significantly good and on-the-track progress during the last five years in eliminating the gender disparity in the primary and secondary level of education has paved the way for equality of women’s participation in higher education.

As per gender parity index analyzed for the State/UTs of India in the report, it was observed that most of the States have already achieved the parity in favour of girls in the primary grade of education and nearly on track in achieving the same for secondary grade of education.

The report also flagged the slow progress of India in reducing child mortality and improvement of maternal health. On the basis of state-wise data for the corresponding indicators presented in the report, it was clearly evident that as many as twenty out of twenty nine States of the country are likely to miss their U5MR targets by 2015.

In the recent years, the Country has shown sharp decline in IMR and a similar trend was observed in most of the States. Though India and most of the States/UTs are on track, the overall mortality risk for the children are going to persist due to lack of medical attention and preventive measures for the deaths of the neo-natal children.

The maternal mortality risk in the country was found to have reduced fast in the recent past and the coverage of deliveries under the attention of skilled personnel have improved significantly during the last five years. However, it was observed that there are wide variations from state to state and the corresponding MDG-targets would not be achieved both at the national level as well as for majority of the States/UTs